These are some of the most famous people in history have been ، Read carefully
آخرین ویرایش:
(People in World History (Read and enjoy
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Cyrus the Great
In the 6th century bc Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire as the most powerful state in the world
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Cyrus the Great
In the 6th century bc Cyrus the Great established the Persian Empire as the most powerful state in the world
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[FONT="]Darius I[/FONT]
[FONT="]This stone carving depicts Darius I, right, also known as Darius the Great, and his son and successor Xerxes I. Darius I ruled the Persian Empire from 522 to 486 bc. He secured the outer borders of the empire and reformed its internal organization, built highways, encouraged commerce, and organized a postal system. Darius allowed freedom of worship among the many different ethnic groups contained within the empire’s vast borders, earning their respect and goodwill[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Xerxes I[/FONT]
[FONT="]Persian king Xerxes I inherited his throne after the death of his father Darius I. His ambitious plans to expand the Persian empire into Europe never materialized. The huge naval fleet he assembled for the invasion lost a decisive battle at the bay of Salamís in 480 bc, forcing Xerxes to retreat[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Xerxes I[/FONT]
[FONT="]Persian king Xerxes I inherited his throne after the death of his father Darius I. His ambitious plans to expand the Persian empire into Europe never materialized. The huge naval fleet he assembled for the invasion lost a decisive battle at the bay of Salamís in 480 bc, forcing Xerxes to retreat[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Alexander the Great[/FONT]
[FONT="]Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia when his father, Philip II, was assassinated in 336 bc. He took immediate measures to quell insurrections, both domestic and abroad, establishing himself as a powerful leader. Alexander led his troops in campaigns against Greek city states, Egypt, and the Persian Empire, ruling most of the civilized world by the time he died in 323 bc at the age of 33. His celebrated military and tactical genius share renown with his ego and ruthlessness[/FONT]
[FONT="]Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia when his father, Philip II, was assassinated in 336 bc. He took immediate measures to quell insurrections, both domestic and abroad, establishing himself as a powerful leader. Alexander led his troops in campaigns against Greek city states, Egypt, and the Persian Empire, ruling most of the civilized world by the time he died in 323 bc at the age of 33. His celebrated military and tactical genius share renown with his ego and ruthlessness[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Aristotle [/FONT]
[FONT="]A student of ancient Greek philosopher Plato, Aristotle shared his teacher’s reverence for human knowledge but revised many of Plato’s ideas by emphasizing methods rooted in observation and experience. Aristotle surveyed and systematized nearly all the extant branches of knowledge and provided the first ordered accounts of biology, psychology, physics, and literary theory. In addition, Aristotle invented the field known as formal logic, pioneered zoology, and addressed virtually every major philosophical problem known during his time. Known to medieval intellectuals as simply “the Philosopher,” Aristotle is possibly the greatest thinker in Western history and, historically, perhaps the single greatest influence on Western intellectual development[/FONT]
[FONT="]A student of ancient Greek philosopher Plato, Aristotle shared his teacher’s reverence for human knowledge but revised many of Plato’s ideas by emphasizing methods rooted in observation and experience. Aristotle surveyed and systematized nearly all the extant branches of knowledge and provided the first ordered accounts of biology, psychology, physics, and literary theory. In addition, Aristotle invented the field known as formal logic, pioneered zoology, and addressed virtually every major philosophical problem known during his time. Known to medieval intellectuals as simply “the Philosopher,” Aristotle is possibly the greatest thinker in Western history and, historically, perhaps the single greatest influence on Western intellectual development[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Ludwig van Beethoven [/FONT]
[FONT="]Ludwig van Beethoven is considered possibly the greatest Western composer of all time. He wrote symphonies, concertos, chamber music, sonatas, and vocal music. His best-known composition is the Ninth Symphony with its passionate chorus, the Ode to Joy. Beethoven began to lose his hearing in the 1790s and was completely deaf by 1818[/FONT]
[FONT="]Ludwig van Beethoven is considered possibly the greatest Western composer of all time. He wrote symphonies, concertos, chamber music, sonatas, and vocal music. His best-known composition is the Ninth Symphony with its passionate chorus, the Ode to Joy. Beethoven began to lose his hearing in the 1790s and was completely deaf by 1818[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Gaius Julius Caesar [/FONT]
[FONT="]One of the most influential political and military leaders in history, Gaius Julius Caesar helped establish the vast Roman Empire. Caesar’s triumph in a civil war in the 40s bc made him the absolute ruler of Rome, but political jealousies among his opponents led to his assassination[/FONT]
[FONT="]One of the most influential political and military leaders in history, Gaius Julius Caesar helped establish the vast Roman Empire. Caesar’s triumph in a civil war in the 40s bc made him the absolute ruler of Rome, but political jealousies among his opponents led to his assassination[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Charlemagne [/FONT]
[FONT="]Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, was among the greatest of military leaders in the Middle Ages. He conquered much of western and central Europe. As king, Charlemagne revived the political and cultural life that had disappeared with the fall of the Western Roman Empire four centuries before[/FONT]
[FONT="]Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, was among the greatest of military leaders in the Middle Ages. He conquered much of western and central Europe. As king, Charlemagne revived the political and cultural life that had disappeared with the fall of the Western Roman Empire four centuries before[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Sir Winston Churchill [/FONT]
[FONT="]As prime minister of Britain during World War II, Churchill roused the British to stand against Nazi Germany. The sight of Churchill, with his cigar and two fingers raised in a “V for victory” salute, inspired Britons to rise to what he called “their finest hour
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[FONT="]As prime minister of Britain during World War II, Churchill roused the British to stand against Nazi Germany. The sight of Churchill, with his cigar and two fingers raised in a “V for victory” salute, inspired Britons to rise to what he called “their finest hour
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[FONT="]Christopher Columbus [/FONT]
[FONT="]Italian-born explorer Christopher Columbus broke with tradition in 1492, sailing west in an attempt to find a shorter route to India and China. Columbus based his calculations for the journey on Biblical scripture, specifically the books of Esdras in the Apocrypha. On August 3, 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera, Spain, on the first of several voyages to what he later called the “New World[/FONT]
[FONT="]Italian-born explorer Christopher Columbus broke with tradition in 1492, sailing west in an attempt to find a shorter route to India and China. Columbus based his calculations for the journey on Biblical scripture, specifically the books of Esdras in the Apocrypha. On August 3, 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera, Spain, on the first of several voyages to what he later called the “New World[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Khosrau I [/FONT]
[FONT="]Considered one of Persia’s greatest rulers, Khosrau I is depicted in the center of this contemporary decorative plate. In 531 he began a series of battles with the Byzantine Empire that led to the expansion of Persia’s borders. Khosrau also streamlined government administration and reformed the tax system [/FONT]
[FONT="]Considered one of Persia’s greatest rulers, Khosrau I is depicted in the center of this contemporary decorative plate. In 531 he began a series of battles with the Byzantine Empire that led to the expansion of Persia’s borders. Khosrau also streamlined government administration and reformed the tax system [/FONT]
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[FONT="]Confucius [/FONT]
[FONT="]During the age of Chinese feudalism, when intrigue and vice were rampant, Confucius taught principles that embraced high ethical and moral standards. He urged the feudal leaders to live by those standards and serve as examples to their subjects. An aristocrat of the 6th century bc, Confucius was China’s first great philosopher. His teachings about ethics and the role of individuals in society form the 12-volume Lunyu (The Analects). Respect for tradition and for elders underlies much of Confucius’s instruction. His work helped define Chinese culture for more than 2,000 years[/FONT]
[FONT="]During the age of Chinese feudalism, when intrigue and vice were rampant, Confucius taught principles that embraced high ethical and moral standards. He urged the feudal leaders to live by those standards and serve as examples to their subjects. An aristocrat of the 6th century bc, Confucius was China’s first great philosopher. His teachings about ethics and the role of individuals in society form the 12-volume Lunyu (The Analects). Respect for tradition and for elders underlies much of Confucius’s instruction. His work helped define Chinese culture for more than 2,000 years[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Constantine the Great [/FONT]
[FONT="]Constantine the Great was the first emperor of Rome to convert to Christianity. During his reign, Christians, previously persecuted, gained freedom of worship. He gave huge estates and other gifts to the Christian church. He established a capital in the eastern provinces, naming it Constantinople ، now İstanbul, Turkey[/FONT]
[FONT="]Constantine the Great was the first emperor of Rome to convert to Christianity. During his reign, Christians, previously persecuted, gained freedom of worship. He gave huge estates and other gifts to the Christian church. He established a capital in the eastern provinces, naming it Constantinople ، now İstanbul, Turkey[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Nicolaus Copernicus [/FONT]
[FONT="]Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus revolutionized science by postulating that the earth and other planets revolve about a stationary sun. Developed in the early 1500s but not published until years later, his heliocentric (sun-centered) theory disputed the Ptolemaic theory, popular at the time, which held that the sun and the planets revolved about the fixed earth. Copernicus at first hesitated in publishing his findings because he feared criticism from the scientific and religious communities. After suffering initial disbelief and rejection, however, the Copernican system ranked as the most accepted concept of the universe by the late 17th century[/FONT]
[FONT="]Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus revolutionized science by postulating that the earth and other planets revolve about a stationary sun. Developed in the early 1500s but not published until years later, his heliocentric (sun-centered) theory disputed the Ptolemaic theory, popular at the time, which held that the sun and the planets revolved about the fixed earth. Copernicus at first hesitated in publishing his findings because he feared criticism from the scientific and religious communities. After suffering initial disbelief and rejection, however, the Copernican system ranked as the most accepted concept of the universe by the late 17th century[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Oliver Cromwell [/FONT]
[FONT="]A member of England’s Parliament and a dedicated Puritan, Oliver Cromwell led his forces to victory against King Charles’s army. Even though he had no military experience, Cromwell turned out to be a brilliant cavalry leader. The defeat and subsequent execution of the king left Cromwell as virtual dictator over England[/FONT]
[FONT="]A member of England’s Parliament and a dedicated Puritan, Oliver Cromwell led his forces to victory against King Charles’s army. Even though he had no military experience, Cromwell turned out to be a brilliant cavalry leader. The defeat and subsequent execution of the king left Cromwell as virtual dictator over England[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Charles Darwin [/FONT]
[FONT="]Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by the geologist Adam Sedgwick and naturalist John Henslow in his development of the theory of natural selection, which was to become the foundation concept supporting the theory of evolution. Darwin’s theory holds that environmental effects lead to varying degrees of reproductive success in individuals and groups of organisms. Natural selection tends to promote adaptation in organisms when necessary for survival. This revolutionary theory was published in 1859 in Darwin’s now famous treatise On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection[/FONT]
[FONT="]Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by the geologist Adam Sedgwick and naturalist John Henslow in his development of the theory of natural selection, which was to become the foundation concept supporting the theory of evolution. Darwin’s theory holds that environmental effects lead to varying degrees of reproductive success in individuals and groups of organisms. Natural selection tends to promote adaptation in organisms when necessary for survival. This revolutionary theory was published in 1859 in Darwin’s now famous treatise On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Charles de Gaulle [/FONT]
[FONT="]Charles de Gaulle, president of France from 1959 to 1969, poses for an official portrait[/FONT]
[FONT="]Charles de Gaulle, president of France from 1959 to 1969, poses for an official portrait[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Albert Einstein [/FONT]
[FONT="]Albert Einstein is considered one of the greatest and most popular scientists of all time. Three papers he published in 1905 were pivotal in the development of physics and, to a large degree, Western thought. These papers discussed the quantum nature of light, provided a description of molecular motion, and introduced the special theory of relativity. Einstein was famous for continually reexamining traditional scientific assumptions and coming to straightforward, elegant conclusions no one else had reached. He is less famous for his social involvement, although he was a staunch supporter of both pacifism and Zionism. Here, Einstein discusses Gandhi and commends nonviolence[/FONT]
[FONT="]Albert Einstein is considered one of the greatest and most popular scientists of all time. Three papers he published in 1905 were pivotal in the development of physics and, to a large degree, Western thought. These papers discussed the quantum nature of light, provided a description of molecular motion, and introduced the special theory of relativity. Einstein was famous for continually reexamining traditional scientific assumptions and coming to straightforward, elegant conclusions no one else had reached. He is less famous for his social involvement, although he was a staunch supporter of both pacifism and Zionism. Here, Einstein discusses Gandhi and commends nonviolence[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Elizabeth I [/FONT]
[FONT="]Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, ruled England from 1558 to 1603 during what is known as the Elizabethan Age. Elizabeth’s reign was a time of great prosperity and achievement, and her court was a center for poets, writers, musicians, and scholars[/FONT]
[FONT="]Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, ruled England from 1558 to 1603 during what is known as the Elizabethan Age. Elizabeth’s reign was a time of great prosperity and achievement, and her court was a center for poets, writers, musicians, and scholars[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Galileo [/FONT]
[FONT="]Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo maintained that the earth revolved around the sun, disputing the belief held by the Roman Catholic church that the earth was the center of the universe. He refused to obey orders from Rome to cease discussions of his theories and was sentenced to life imprisonment. It was not until 1984 that a papal commission acknowledged that the church was wrong[/FONT]
[FONT="]Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo maintained that the earth revolved around the sun, disputing the belief held by the Roman Catholic church that the earth was the center of the universe. He refused to obey orders from Rome to cease discussions of his theories and was sentenced to life imprisonment. It was not until 1984 that a papal commission acknowledged that the church was wrong[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Vasco da Gama [/FONT]
[FONT="]While a young man, da Gama studied astronomy and navigation in Evora, Portugal. He became a naval officer in 1492, the same year Columbus sailed to the New World in search of a western route to the Indies. Five years later, he sailed around the south tip of Africa, opening a new trade route to India and Asia[/FONT]
[FONT="]While a young man, da Gama studied astronomy and navigation in Evora, Portugal. He became a naval officer in 1492, the same year Columbus sailed to the New World in search of a western route to the Indies. Five years later, he sailed around the south tip of Africa, opening a new trade route to India and Asia[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Mohandas Gandhi [/FONT]
[FONT="]Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi spent his life campaigning for human rights in India. His strategy was to use a combination of passive resistance to and noncooperation with the British, who ruled India. Gandhi said his techniques were inspired by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, by American writer Henry David Thoreau, and by the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1947 Gandhi’s pacifist efforts brought an end to British rule in India[/FONT]
[FONT="]Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi spent his life campaigning for human rights in India. His strategy was to use a combination of passive resistance to and noncooperation with the British, who ruled India. Gandhi said his techniques were inspired by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, by American writer Henry David Thoreau, and by the teachings of Jesus Christ. In 1947 Gandhi’s pacifist efforts brought an end to British rule in India[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Genghis Khan [/FONT]
[FONT="]In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan created one of history’s largest land empires, which stretched from the Caspian Sea in Russia to the South China Sea. Genghis Khan succeeded his father as a Mongol chief when still a child, and faced many challenges to his position. He defeated these insurrections, and through his military genius united the nomadic Mongol tribes and turned them into a disciplined fighting force[/FONT]
[FONT="]In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan created one of history’s largest land empires, which stretched from the Caspian Sea in Russia to the South China Sea. Genghis Khan succeeded his father as a Mongol chief when still a child, and faced many challenges to his position. He defeated these insurrections, and through his military genius united the nomadic Mongol tribes and turned them into a disciplined fighting force[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Johannes Gutenberg [/FONT]
[FONT="]Johannes Gutenberg originated the technique of printing from movable type. A 15th-century German craftsman, inventor, and printer, Gutenberg used hand-set type cast in molds to print multiple copies of manuscripts. Whereas scribes copied manuscripts by hand before Gutenberg’s invention, copying became mechanized and much faster after the invention. The invention of movable-type printing facilitated an easier exchange of ideas throughout Europe and helped spread the ideas of the Renaissance (1300-1600[/FONT]
[FONT="]Johannes Gutenberg originated the technique of printing from movable type. A 15th-century German craftsman, inventor, and printer, Gutenberg used hand-set type cast in molds to print multiple copies of manuscripts. Whereas scribes copied manuscripts by hand before Gutenberg’s invention, copying became mechanized and much faster after the invention. The invention of movable-type printing facilitated an easier exchange of ideas throughout Europe and helped spread the ideas of the Renaissance (1300-1600[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Henry VIII by Hans Holbein [/FONT]
[FONT="]Hans Holbein’s famous portrait of Henry VIII shows the Tudor king as the quintessential Renaissance sovereign. Henry prided himself on his education and his patronage of humanist scholars such as Sir Thomas More, but his increasingly despotic behavior left a more enduring image. He is most famous for founding the Church of England and for having six wives, two of whom he had beheaded[/FONT]
[FONT="]Hans Holbein’s famous portrait of Henry VIII shows the Tudor king as the quintessential Renaissance sovereign. Henry prided himself on his education and his patronage of humanist scholars such as Sir Thomas More, but his increasingly despotic behavior left a more enduring image. He is most famous for founding the Church of England and for having six wives, two of whom he had beheaded[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Adolf Hitler [/FONT]
[FONT="]Adolf Hitler was one of the most powerful dictators of the 20th century. His attempts to conquer territory for German Lebensraum (living space) brought about World War II (1939-1945). He caused the slaughter of millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and others in the name of racial purification[/FONT]
[FONT="]Adolf Hitler was one of the most powerful dictators of the 20th century. His attempts to conquer territory for German Lebensraum (living space) brought about World War II (1939-1945). He caused the slaughter of millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and others in the name of racial purification[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Homer [/FONT]
[FONT="]According to tradition, the Greek poet Homer is believed to be the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two great epics of ancient Greek literature. Very little is known about Homer or about how much he contributed to the final form of these epic poems. What is certain is that both epics have had considerable influence on Western literature. This marble bust of Homer, a Roman copy of a Greek original, is now in the Capitoline Museum in Rome, Italy[/FONT]
[FONT="]According to tradition, the Greek poet Homer is believed to be the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two great epics of ancient Greek literature. Very little is known about Homer or about how much he contributed to the final form of these epic poems. What is certain is that both epics have had considerable influence on Western literature. This marble bust of Homer, a Roman copy of a Greek original, is now in the Capitoline Museum in Rome, Italy[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Ivan the Terrible [/FONT]
[FONT="]Ivan IV Vasilyevich was often called Ivan the Terrible because he resorted to torture, exile, and execution to punish those who plotted against him or whom he suspected of opposing him. Although known for his cruelty and excesses, Ivan significantly expanded Russia’s territory and set a pattern for supreme tsarist rule[/FONT]
[FONT="]Ivan IV Vasilyevich was often called Ivan the Terrible because he resorted to torture, exile, and execution to punish those who plotted against him or whom he suspected of opposing him. Although known for his cruelty and excesses, Ivan significantly expanded Russia’s territory and set a pattern for supreme tsarist rule[/FONT]
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[FONT="]Thomas Jefferson [/FONT]
[FONT="]Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, a principal leader in the American Revolution, and the third president of the United States. Jefferson is also regarded as a great political thinker and diplomat. The U.S. doubled its area in 1803 when he bought territory west of the Mississippi called the Louisiana Purchase. Recited by an actor[/FONT]
[FONT="]Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, a principal leader in the American Revolution, and the third president of the United States. Jefferson is also regarded as a great political thinker and diplomat. The U.S. doubled its area in 1803 when he bought territory west of the Mississippi called the Louisiana Purchase. Recited by an actor[/FONT]
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